Electricity and Gas Prices Across Europe: Which Countries Are the Most Expensive?
Electricity and gas prices for households in Europe are very different in 2025. Some countries have bills that are many times higher than others, according to new data from Eurostat.
As winter arrives, heating demand is rising across Europe. But the cost of keeping homes warm is not the same everywhere.
The war in Ukraine is still affecting European energy markets, and differences in national energy policies, sources, and pricing systems have made the price gap even bigger.
Electricity is cheapest in Turkey, most expensive in Germany
In early 2025, household electricity prices ranged from €6.2 per 100 kWh in Turkey to €38.4 in Germany. The average across 38 European countries—including EU members, candidate countries, and EFTA states—was €28.7.
Western Europe had the highest prices. Belgium (€35.7) and Denmark (€34.9) were close to Germany, and prices were over €30 in Italy, Ireland, and Czechia.
Eastern European and EU candidate countries had much lower prices. Electricity cost less than €10 per 100 kWh in Turkey, Georgia, Kosovo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro.
Among EU countries, Hungary (€10.4) had the lowest electricity price, while Spain (€26.1) and France (€26.6) were below the EU average.
Experts from consultancy VaasaETT said that price differences depend on each country’s energy sources, supplier strategies, cross-subsidies, and tariff systems.
Adjusting for local income makes prices more even
When prices are adjusted for purchasing power (PPS), which considers local income and cost of living, the gap between countries is smaller.
For example, €1,000 might cover a month’s rent in Germany but two or three months in Bulgaria. So even if salaries seem lower in euros, adjusting for what money can actually buy reduces the differences.
In adjusted terms, electricity and gas prices range from 12.8 PPS in Iceland to 39.2 PPS in Czechia, followed by Poland (35 PPS). Italy and Germany are also among the highest, each over 34 PPS.
At the lower end are Malta (13.7 PPS), Turkey (14 PPS), and Hungary (15 PPS). Nordic countries, especially Norway (16 PPS) and Finland (18.7 PPS), enjoy cheaper electricity when adjusted, with Sweden also below the EU average of 28.6 PPS.
Electricity Prices
Electricity prices stayed mostly stable in many countries, changing by less than 10% between the first half of 2024 and 2025. However, some countries saw bigger changes when looking at national currencies. Moldova and Turkey had large increases, over 50%.
In the EU, Luxembourg and Ireland saw electricity prices rise by more than 25%, while Slovenia, Finland, and Cyprus had the biggest drops, each falling by more than 9%.
Gas Prices: Sweden Highest, Georgia Lowest
Household natural gas prices varied a lot across Europe in early 2025. Sweden had the highest price at €21.30 per 100 kWh, followed by the Netherlands (€16.2) and Denmark (€13.1). The EU average was €11.4.
The lowest prices in the EU were in Hungary (€3.07), Croatia (€4.61), and Romania (€5.59). Including other countries, Georgia had the cheapest gas at €1.7, followed by Turkey (€2.1).
Among the EU’s biggest economies, France (€13) was the most expensive, then Italy (€12.4) and Germany (€12.2). Spain (€8.6) was the cheapest of the four.
Experts say gas prices differ because of factors like how countries buy and sell gas, storage levels, weather, connections with other markets, subsidies, and tariff systems.
Gas Prices Adjusted for Purchasing Power
When adjusted for purchasing power, Sweden still had the highest gas price at 17.6 PPS, while Hungary had the lowest in the EU at 4.4 PPS. North Macedonia was an exception, with 24.1 PPS, even though its nominal price was only €12.2.
From 2024 to 2025, household gas prices rose the most in Turkey (28.2%), North Macedonia (26%), Estonia (23.9%), Bulgaria (23.6%), and Sweden (20.9%).
Prices dropped significantly in some countries. Slovenia (12.7%), Austria (11.5%), and Czechia (10.9%) all saw falls of more than 10%.
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